Symptoms of diabetes

23 April 2025

Symptoms of diabetes are a set of clinical manifestations of specialists for a given disease, which shows doctors and patients in the appearance or development of the pathological process.Diabetes is recognized as one of the most common diseases in the world, today 350 million people around the world have already suffered. According to statistics, in just two decades, the number of cases increased by more than 10 times. About 90% of these people - diabetes of the second type.If you find the pathology in the early stages, you can avoid a huge number of serious complications. That is why it is so important to know what shows the appearance of the disease and how one should be examined to control this serious endocrine pathology.The manifestations of diabetes do not depend on its type. The human body is able to understand when a sufficient level of energy derived from the glucose required in this case, in the effects of a violation of its metabolism and remains abundant in the bloodstream, causing huge irreversible damage to systems and organs. Metabolic processes disrupted in the body are provided by insulin deficiency, which is responsible for the process of glucose metabolism. But the characteristics of the pathogenesis of diabetes of the first and second types have significant differences, so it is necessary to know exactly the symptoms of each of them. The main symptoms Insulin deficiency in the blood or the decrease in the sensitivity of insulin -dependent cells in the effect of insulin in the body leads to a high blood glucose concentration. In addition to this symptom, which is considered the main diabetes, there are other signs that are detected during the medical observation of the patient. If the slightest suspicion of the presence of this disease occurs, it is worth seeking medical help, since early detecting disease is subject to treatment and in the modern world, even school children begin to suffer from diabetes.The first events Thirst for diabetes

As the first manifestations of diabetes, doctors call a number of specific symptoms. In diabetes, patients always have polyuria - rapid and abundant urination due to glycomia and glucose levels in the urine. It is glycuria which is the cause that prevents the absorption of fluid from renal structures. Polyure is always accompanied by a thirst in which a person is able to consume up to 10 liters of liquid a day.Despite the consumption of so many liquids, there is a feeling of dry mouth. In case of diabetes of the second type, along with thirst, a feeling of continuous hunger appears. This is due to the fact that insulin produced by the pancreas in large quantities is circulated in the blood and is not used by its purpose, gives signals to the brain for the feeling of hunger. A high level of glycimia causes severe damage to the body. Damage to nerve fibers leads to the appearance of diabetic polyneuropathy. The first sign of such a complication is the numbness of the fingers of the feet and hands and the appearance of strong pain in the extremities. If you begin to act at the blood glucose level in time, the development of this process can stop the pain syndrome if you do not stop at all, it will be annoying not so intense. However, if you lose the principle of the development of pathology, you can expect very serious consequences - severe pain, nenaur, food ulcers and other things.Diabetic angiopathy develops with high glyco -glyco -glycomia. Clinically, at first, the disease is manifested by a feeling of cloud with high blood glucose concentration, then a decrease in visual acuity and even complete blinding absence of treatment is followed. The appearance of any of the above symptoms, and even more so, their complex, should force the patient to be urgently examined to detect insulin deficiency.External eventsAmong the external points are also those that indicate the appearance of insulin resistance and high glycomia. For example, such a symptom can be a sharp growth of dry skin, itching and peeling. It is particularly important to pay attention to such skin manifestations in the context of simultaneous thirst. Also, with diabetes, itching often occurs in mucous membranes of mucosa due to the irritating effect of glucose contained in the urine. There is no rejection at the same time, which is a characteristic feature of diabetes. Also, a sharp weight loss is a signal of the initiation of the first type diabetes. In this case, it is necessary to observe for some other symptoms of pathology so that we do not deceive hastily conclusions. Obesity and excessive body weight are not a symptom of diabetes of the second type, but can act as its cause. In any case, if a person's weight is rapidly changing in any direction for no apparent reason, it is worth paying attention to it and undergo a doctor's examination.Symptoms of diabetes The first type Nausea and vomiting with diabetes

The first type diabetes is very fast in its growth. It has its own specific events to be paid.The patient has an increased appetite in his history, but loses only weight, exhausted, suffers from drowsiness. Frequent impulses do not allow the toilet at night to sleep calmly, forcing them to get up several times. The amount of urine in this case increases significantly, as the thirst sense evolves. Such symptoms cannot go unnoticed, as it appears very abruptly and suddenly. It is accompanied by nausea, vomiting and severe irritability. It is particularly important to pay attention to the constant impetus to the toilet at night in children if it was not previously observed.The main problem of the first type of diabetes is the fact that the level of glucose can also increase in the blood and reduce very strongly. Both of these states are dangerous to health and have their own characteristics and events, which must be carefully monitored.The second typeThe most common is the second type of diabetes. Its events are very different, they appear gradually, so it is difficult to catch them immediately and recognize them. Mild symptoms usually do not lead to the fact that a person, after discovering it at home, begins to hear the alarm immediately.The second type of diabetes is characterized by the appearance of dry mouth, thirst, abundant urination, weight loss, fatigue, weakness and drowsiness. A characteristic of this variety of the disease in the early stages is the presence of fingers and numbness of the limbs, hypertonic manifestations, the appearance of infectious processes in the urinary tract. Similarly, the first type of diabetes of the patient can be disturbed by nausea and vomiting, dryness and itching of the skin and skin infections. It is important to remember that the gradual development of symptoms leads to the development of the disease itself. Diabetes in the later stages is full of the appearance of a superorly thread, lactoxosis, ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemia, which gain dynamics in a few hours and can even lead to the patient's death. Also, as a result of advanced diabetes, patients often have severe vision problems, then leading to complete blindness, renal or heart failure, pathology of vascular and nervous systems.During pregnancy Blood and urine tests for diabetes

Diabetes pregnancy sugar is rarely manifested by certain specific external signs. Most of the time, its presence is discovered by scheduled exams that are regularly performed in pregnant women. The main indicators are data from blood and urine tests.In the presence of external points of pregnancy disease, all are very similar to the symptoms of diabetes of the first two types - nausea, vomiting, weakness, thirst, genital infection are not separate signs of wall and other pathologies, but indicate the second and third trimester of pregnancy.Pregnancy of the pathology of the immediate threat of a mother or child's life does not carry, but may affect the general course of pregnancy, the source of the future mother and the fetus. High blood content in glucose leads to the birth of a baby with high weight (more than 4 kg), which in the future will be a prerequisite for obesity or the incidence of diabetes at any age. The delay in child development, hypoglycaemia, jaundice in the first resources of the newborn's life can also occur.Signs of complications Diabetic footDiabetic foot in medicine is regarded as an integrated anatomical and functional change in the tissues of remote parts of the lower extremities in patients with diabetes. This is the most terrible complication of the pathology under consideration, which often leads to ganges, amputation and disability. Dry skin with diabetes

If there is a history of diabetes in the state of foot health, you should monitor very carefully. There are three main forms of diabetic foot: neuropathic (dominant nerve damage), ischemic (dominant damage to blood vessels and blood flow disorder).Among the complaints of patients preceding the diabetic foot, experts distinguish the unpleasant emotions, the burning and seam sensations on the legs, the goose, the sense of current rejection. If these symptoms disappear when they walk, this indicates the principle of developing the neuropathic form of the diabetic foot. It is also important to pay attention to if the sensitivity disappears periodically. If the painful senses arise immediately when walking or at night (you can only reassure the ends from the edge of the bed), then this means the principle of developing the ischemic form of the diabetic foot called "ischemic foot". Among the signs indicating the onset of the development of the diabetic foot, experts distinguish the skin of the skin on the feet or the appearance of pigments, peeling and dry skin in this zone, the appearance of the inflorescences, Inflatables, inflammation, fractures of small bones in the legs. If a person observes at least some such signs, they should urgently seek medical attention.Signs of retinopathyDiabetic ophthalmology is manifested by a change in blood vessels in the retina, leading to a violation of microcirculation in it. Such a violation leads to the appearance of diabetic retinopathy. Such a complication develops gradually and even in the later stages can be almost invisible to one person.The main signs of diabetic retinopathy are: the appearance of the "flies" in front of the eyes.blurred vision.Reduce visual acuity in later stages.Bleeding in the glassy body and retina. In this case, diabetic ophthalmology can be manifested in two main forms - non -Spheret (background) or retinal retinal retinal. With the retinopathy of the background, the concerns of pathology, first of all, the retina itself. In the event of violations in the capillaries of the retina, bleeding, retinal swelling and metabolic products occur. Background retinopathy is characteristic of elderly patients with diabetes. It causes a gradual decrease in visual acuity.Based on the background, multiplier retinopathy develops if the Osigal support deficiency increases. In this case, there is a pathological formation of new blood vessels that are damaged by the retina in a glassy body. This procedure leads to bleeding in a glassy body and in severe evolution of vision of the vision in a person and irreversible blindness. In adolescence, such a transition of the complication from one form to another can occur in a few months, then the retinal disconnection and complete vision loss will follow.Encephalopathy signs headache for diabetes

Diabetic encephalopathy occurs as a complication of diabetes due to diffuse degenerative damage to the brain. The prevalence of encephalopathy depends directly on the type of diabetes and its symptoms - during the course of the disease and its severity. It belongs to late complications and occurs 10-15 years after the manifestation of diabetes. The immediate cause of the development of encephalopathy is metabolic disorders that are characteristic of diabetes, leading to damage to brain tissues and blood vessels. The above procedures lead to a violation of brain activity, a reduction in cognitive functions. The development of encephalopathy occurs very slowly, which leads to the difficulty of detecting its symptoms in the early stages.The main symptoms of diabetic encephalopathy are:headaches and dizziness.Emotional instability, high fatigue, sleep disorders and other nervous disorders.instability of human walking;The branching of the objects when we look at them, the vision nebula, the flickering of the "flies" in front of the eyes.Mental, depressing disorders.confused consciousness;Determination of mental activity, memory, concentrated ability.strokes, transient ischemic attacks, other brain trafficking pathologies.The appearance of seizures.

In the early stages, there is no practical complication of the clinic and with the development of encephalopathy, the symptoms begin to appear more clearly. The symptoms are identical to both types of diabetes. The frequent diabetes satellite is atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension and obesity. In relation to the pride of blood vessels in the event of atherosclerosis, the risk of ischemic stroke and heart attacks increases. In the event of a violation of microcirculation in the kidney vessels, an irreversible renal failure occurs, which eventually leads to a complete cessation of kidney function. This, in turn, leads to the need to treat renal failure by the lifelong dialysis method.Diabetic comaDiabetic cat means severe damage to metabolic processes in the body of a patient suffering from diabetes. A coma can occur both with a strong increase and a strong decrease in human blood sugar.This condition requires urgent medical care, since, in its absence, serious complications and even deaths are possible.A coma gradually develops, but quite quickly. The first sign of the conflict in which it can be a state of fiction, the rapid growth of blood sugar, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, abdominal pain on the day or more before the direct coma. Another symptom of diabetic coma may be the intense smell of acetone from the patient's mouth. Sensitivity can also occur in convulsions, thirst, thirst. With a hypoglycaemic coma, the concentration of blood sugar decreases abruptly. The index can reach the mark of 2, 5 mmol per liter and below. Among the obvious symptoms of such a coma, irrational anxiety, fear of the patient, a sense of weakness, cramps, blood pressure falls and loss of consciousness stand out. The precursors of the appearance of an hypoglycaemic coma may be:General hardship;Anorexia?diarrhea or constipation;Dizziness, headaches, tachycardia. Lack of assistance in this state can lead to extremely serious consequences. Since hypoglycaemic coma grows quickly, the help provided should be urgent.A sharp decrease in blood pressure in the patient, the weakening of the pulse and the softness of the eyes may indicate a sharp decrease in blood pressure. Only a specialized doctor can bring a person to his senses in this state, so the ambulance must be followed as soon as possible.Laboratory signals You can reliably learn the diagnosis of the patient only after all the necessary laboratory tests. Any laboratory tests for diabetes are intended to determine blood glucose markers. It is possible to detect random sugar in the blood with mass tests of one person prior to hospitalization or by emergency identification of other indicators.The most common is a blood test for sugar, on an empty stomach. Before delivering it, nothing can be consumed for 8-12 hours. Also, you can't drink alcohol and you can't smoke an hour before blood donation. The level of up to 5, 5 mmol per liter will be considered as a normal indicator. If the index is equal to 7 mmol per liter, the patient will be sent for additional examination. For this purpose, they are tested for glucose tolerance. For this reason, the patient gives blood on an empty stomach, then drinks a glass of sugar with sugar (75 grams for an adult for 200 milliliters) and 2 hours after it discovers a blood test.If the body is in normal condition, then the first analysis will show the effect of up to 5, 5 mmol per liter and the second - up to 7, 8 mmol per liter. If the indicators are in the area, respectively, 5. 5-6. 7 and 7. 8-11. 1 mmol per liter, then this will tell doctors about the development of pre-reversal to the patient. Indicators in excess of these numbers indicate diabetes.It is also common to conduct a study on glycosque hemoglobin, demonstrating the average value of human glucose in the last 3 months of life. The rule is the index below 5, 7%. If the value is between 5, 7-6, 4%, then this suggests that there is a risk of type 2 diabetes. In this case, measures should be discussed with the doctor to reduce this risk. If the level of glycosarized hemoglobin is more than 6, 5%, diabetes is likely, but requires confirmation. The recommended level of glycosylated hemoglobin in people with diabetes is less than 7%, if this level is higher, it is necessary to discuss the condition with your treating physician. It should be borne in mind that the level of glycosquene hemoglobin above 7% can be assessed by the doctor as optimal. Symptoms of a child Diabetes can occur at any age, including early children. Even newborn diabetes is. This is a rare case of innate nature of the disease. Most of the time, the event in children represents 6-12 years. Metabolic processes in children during this period go much faster and the condition of the uninhabited nervous system can affect the level of blood glucose. The younger the baby is, the more complicated the diabetes.Among the main symptoms that parents need to pay attention to not to lose the development of diabetes in children, doctors distinguish:thirst and dry mouth. nausea with vomiting.Frequent urine adhesive urination.Weight loss and high appetite at the same time.a fall in visual acuity.High fatigue, weakness and irritability. If a child has at least one of the above symptoms, this is one reason to search for a doctor. If many symptoms are identified, at the same time, a doctor should be immediate.Also, among the symptoms in children, formal and informal signs of diabetes may occur. Doctors attribute to the typical symptoms that children's parents often confuse an age associated with urinary incontinence, polydam, polyphagic, dryness and itching, itching of the genitals after urination, the amount of blood is more than 5 per liter. Early diagnosis in the event of suspicion will help detect the disease at an early stage and begin the necessary treatment, which will not allow the development of complications.Determination of diabetes mellitus at home The course of diabetes can be completely asymptomatic. It can be randomly identified when you visit a optometrist or any other doctor. However, there are many signs with which the presence of pathology can guess independently. In addition, at home, you can accurately create the type of disease. With a healthy body, after eating blood, sugar levels increase. After 2-3 hours after that, this index must return to its original limits. If this does not happen then a person has many symptoms that cannot be observed. This is already considered dry mouth, thirst, very frequent and abundant urination, increased appetite, apathy, cramps, consciousness nebulae. Gradually, a person begins to observe the dryness of the skin, which has not previously occurred.Also at home, you can suspect the appearance of diabetes in various strange senses that a person has not previously noticed. In the second type of diabetes, this is poor healing of wounds and scratches, the development of obesity. In the first type of pathology, a person, on the other hand, may lose strong weight, although the appetite is quite high. Also, with all types of diseases, itching of the skin can occur, increased hair growth, xanth formation (small yellow skin growth), hair loss in the extremities and more.
Early identification of diabetes should cause a doctor.Only if you start treatment for diabetes in the early stages, can we hope for compensation for illness and normal quality of life in the future.